之前在看WCST手冊時,就一直找不到明確解釋每個指標所代表意義,就算是許多文獻都說WCST為測量執行功能的評估工具,但也沒有明確說明哪個指標解釋執行功能。
今天看到一篇文獻提到過去有許多研究都使用因素分析,探討到底WCST可以分成哪些因素,且哪些指標可以解釋執行功能。此時,我才豁然開朗,我之前一直專注於解釋一個指標,而沒有想到,或許可以多個指標來解釋一個概念。
從過去研究來看,可分成1-3個因素。Ord et al. (2010)1綜合過去因素研究,說明3個因素為(1) cognitive flexibility and accuracy;(2) problem solving and learning;(3) response maintenance and distractibility。第一個因素包括指標total errors, perseverative responses, percentage of conceptual level responses, number of categories completed。第二個因素包括指標nonperseverative errors, trials to complete first category。第三個因素指標為failures to maintain set。
Polgár et al. (2010)2提出過去的研究,第一個因素通常反應concept formation and flexibility,可能包括指標trails to complete first category, conceptual level responses, perseverative errors, perseverative responses, total number correct;第二個因素為problem-solving (nonperseverative error最有關係),第三個因素與failure to maintain set最為相關。有學者建議後兩個因素和注意力和記憶力有關,但仍無研究證實這些指標和注意力和記憶力有相關。
Creve et al.3 (2005)的CFA研究中,驗證3個因素,指出第一個因素和執行功能有關,此因素包括指標perseverative errors, perseverative responses, percent conceptual level responses, number of categories completed, total number correct。
References
1. Ord JS, W. GK, Bianchini KJ, et al. Executive dysfunction in traumatic brain injury: The effects of injury severity and effort on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2010;32:132-140.
2. Polgár P, Réthelyi JM, Bálint S, et al. Exeuctive function in deficit schizophrenia: What do the dimensions of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test tell us? Schizophr Res 2010;122:85-93.
3. Greve KW, Stickle TR, Love JM, et al. Latent structure of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: a confirmatory factor analytic study. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2005;20:355-364.
作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除looks impressive.
回覆刪除But what are your conclusions at this moment?
When could you make final conclusions?
我現在想法是,我應該會選擇7指標,total errors, perseverative responses, nonperseverative errors, percentage of conceptual level responses, number of categories completed, trials to complete first category, failures to maintain set。
回覆刪除這7個指標包括主要3個因素,且其中4個指標(total errors, perseverative responses, percentage of conceptual level responses, number of categories completed,),有解釋到執行功能。
那些執行功能?參考文獻為何?請寄給我PDF檔案。
回覆刪除文獻已寄給老師。
回覆刪除Thanks!
回覆刪除可否在此明確回覆「那些執行功能」?
依照Lezak model,應該是指planing domain(conceive alternatives)、domain of purposive action(self-regulation and switching)。
回覆刪除該文獻的作者又如何解讀?
回覆刪除另外你還沒回覆 e-mail, 有關跟文後續引用之狀況。
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