SAT、PDT、FDT、WCST指標和解釋

評估工具	指標	意義
SAT	Total score (計算正確點選總數)	Examine unilateral neglect (hemispatial agnosia, visual inattention)1
PDT	Total score (計算順序空間記憶廣度總分2, 3)	Examine working memory and visuospatail processing2
FDT	Part 1: reaction time (RT) of 1st-25th compared to reaction time of 26th-50th	Sustaining the speed: the time response of first half section should be equal to the time response of the second half section. Slower in 2nd half section: not being about to sustain performance Faster in 2nd half section: improving with practice4
	RT of part 3	Selective attention5
	RT of part 4	Alternating attention5
	RT of part 3 – RT of part 1	Ability of inhibition6
	RT of part 4 – RT of part 1	Ability of flexibility6
WCST	Total number correct	Number of correct items, which is an indicator of overall performance7, 8.
	Total number of errors	Number of incorrect items7
	Percent errors	Percentage of incorrect items, which is an alternative indicator of overall performance7, 8.
	Perseverative responses	Number of items which represent perseverative performance7
	Percent perseverative response	Percentage of items which represent perseverative performance7
	Perseverative errors	Number of items that are incorrect and represent perseverative performance, which is considered to be an indicator of frontal lobe dysfunction7, 8.
	Percent perseveratove errors	Percentage of items that are incorrect and represent perseverative performance7
	Nonperseverative errors	Number of items that are incorrect and do not represent perseverative performance7
	Percent nonperseverative errors	Percentage of items that are incorrect and do not represent perseverative performance7
	Conceptual level responses	Number of items which are consecutive correct responses occurring in runs of three or more7
	Percent conceptual level responses	Percentage of items which are consecutive correct responses occurring in runs of three or more7
	Number of categories completed	Number of categories that an examinee successfully completes. Scores range from 0-67
	Trials to complete first category	Number of trails successfully completed in the first category7
	Failure to maintain set	An examinee gives five or more consecutive correct responses and then makes an error, which indicates difficulties in applying a matching rule over an extended period of time7, 8.

References

1.         Fong KNK, Chan MKL, Chan BYB, et al. Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Behavioural Inattention Test- Hong Kong version (CBIT-HK) for patients with stroke and unilateral neglect. Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy 2007;17:23-33.

2.         Wiechmann A, Hall JR, O'Bryant SE. The utility of the spatial span in a clinical geriatric population. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn 2011;18:56-63.

3.         Hester RL, Kinsella GJ, Ong B. Effect of age on forward and backward span tasks. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2004;10:475-481.

4.         Lang JA, Validation of the five digit test in a clinical sample: an alternative to the stroop color-word task with possible cultural implications, in The California School of Professional Psychology. 2002, Alliant International University: San Francisco.

5.         Sedo MA. Five Digit Test: a cross-cultural test of executive functions. 2008.

6.         Sedo MA. FDT / Test de los cinco digitos: Manual. Madrid: TEA, 2007.

7.         Heaton RK, Chelune GJ, Talley JL, et al. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test manual revised and expanded. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc., 1993.

8.         Steinmetz JP, Brunner M, Loarer E, et al. Incomplete psychometric equivalence of scores obtained on the manual and the computer version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test? Psychol Assess 2010;22:199-202.