FDT使用指標及解釋 (8/23)

主要指標

1.      Reaction time of part 3：選擇性注意力(selective attention)¹，受測者面對干擾物或競爭刺激下，維持行為或認知的能力。若選擇性注意力表現差，會影響其抵抗周遭環境不必要刺激之能力^{2, 3}。

2.      Reaction time of part 4：交替性注意力(alternating attention)¹，受測者轉換注意焦點，且擁有在不同認知需求之任務間移動的心智彈性能力。若交替性注意力表現差，對處理需要轉換注意焦點的任務，會感到困難^{2, 3}。

3.      Reaction time of part 1 + reaction time of part 2⁴：集中性注意力(focused attention)^{5, 6}、持續性注意力(sustained attention)⁷、及processing speed⁸。

集中性注意力，受測者可以直接對特殊的視覺、聽覺、觸覺刺激產生反應的能力。若集中性注意力表現差，會影響其處理事務的反應速度^{2, 3}。

持續性注意力：受測者連續與重複的活動中，有能力可以維持一致的行為反應。若持續性注意力表現差，會影響其長時間執行連續或重複性工作的能力^{2, 3}。

次要指標：以下兩個指標與執行功能有關

1.      Reaction time of part 3 – (reaction time of part 1 + reaction time of part 2)/2：ability of inhibition^{1, 8}，抑制不需要的反應，且選擇正確的反應。

2.      Reaction time of part 4 – (reaction time of part 1 + reaction time of part 2)/2：ability of flexibility、switching (shifting)^{1, 8}，因著題目變化或提示，可以轉換且表現出正確的反應。

References

1.         Sedo M. Mini-verbal exploration of reactions, decisions, and response delays.  2010.

2.         Sohlberg MM,Mateer CA. Effectiveness of an attention traning program. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 1987;9:117-130.

3.         Sohlberg MM,Mateer CA. Improving attention and managing attentional problems: Adaptiong rehabilitation techniques to adults with ADD. Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences 2001;931:359-375.

4.         Lynch SG, Dickerson KJ, Denney DR. Evaluating processing speed in multiple sclerosis: a comparison of two rapid serial processing measures. Clin Neuropsychol 2010;24:963-976.

5.         Ozan E, Deveci E, Oral M, et al. Neurocognitive functioning in a group of offspring genetically at high-risk for schizophrenia in Eastern Turkey. Brain Research Bulletin 2010;82.

6.         Fassino S, Pieró A, Daga GA, et al. Attentional biases and frontal functioning in anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2002;31:274-283.

7.         Cohen LJ, Nesci C, Steinfeld M, et al. Investigating the relationship between sexual and chemical addictions by comparing executive function in subjects with pedophilia or opiate addiction and healthy controls. Journal of Psychiatric Practice 2010;16:405-412.

8.         Verdejo-García A, Pérez-Expósito M, Schmidt-Río-Valle J, et al. Selective alterations within executive functions in adolescents with excess weight. Obesity 2010;18:1572-1578.