Comments in the writing course (10/20)

討論FDT論文前言部分

1. 段落的第一句為主題句，可解釋概念，例如：陳述什麼是practice effect，及其重要性。最後一句寫出臨床應用和意義。
2. 加入練習效應和認知評估工具的關係。
3. 前言的敘述要肯定，不要寫"possible"，也不要寫"there are"，這是贅字，例如：There are two possible...改為Two primary/main...。
4. 使用字句要清楚，例如：說明"patterns" of practice effect，就不要使用"characteristics" of practice effect。

原先的寫作

        Practice effect refers to practice-related measurement error, which leads to perceived improvements in performance. Practice effect can be traced to two sources: test-specific practice and item-specific practice. Test-specific practice enables individuals to develop test strategies resulting from repeated assessments. Item-specific practice enables individuals to remember test items from previous tests. The resulting changes in performance represent systematic measurement error resulting from practice effect, masking the real condition of the individual.

       There are two possible characteristics of the practice effect in multiple assessments: (1) the performance improves gradually over sessions in the earlier stage (cumulative pattern); and (2) the performance changes more and more slowly in the later stage and reaches a plateau (plateau pattern). Reaching a plateau indicates that there is no more statistically significant change of the practice effect. The practice effect is largely influenced by the number of administrations, and it appears principally before 3 or 4 sessions. The multiple assessments are needed to explore the patterns of the practice effects.

修改後之寫作

        Practice effect is defined as improvements in performance from repeated testing, because of the influence from previous experience in administering a test. Practice effect can be traced to two sources: test-specific practice and item-specific practice. Test-specific practice enables individuals to develop test strategies resulting from repeated assessments. Item-specific practice enables individuals to remember test items from previous tests. Practice effect is particularly important in a cognitive measure, because repeating testing with the same tests leads to learning and adjusting of administering the measure. The resulting changes in performance represent practice-related measurement error resulting from practice effect, masking the real condition of the individual and misinterpreting the individual result.

        Two primary patterns of the practice effect in multiple assessments: (1) the performance improves gradually over sessions in the earlier stage (cumulative pattern); and (2) the performance changes more and more slowly in the later stage and reaches a plateau (plateau pattern). Reaching a plateau indicates that there is no more statistically significant change of the practice effect, and the score change reflects accurately on the individual’s real performance. The practice effect is largely influenced by the number of administrations, and it appears principally before 3 or 4 sessions. The multiple assessments are needed to explore when a plateau pattern is reached.