2011年7月5日 星期二

認知神經科學暑期學校(1)

今天是第八屆認知神經科學暑期學校的第一天,開幕式由曾志朗教授的錄影檔揭幕。他人在比利時審查有關神經科學方面的研究案。他提出歐洲對神經科學研究非常有興趣,且給予高額的5年研究經費。他提到一個研究例子,有人讓有記憶問題的個案帶著小型錄影機在身上,可以隨時錄影他所發生的所有事件,透過錄影,可以提醒個案所發生的事件,而且這些事件都是與個案有關的真實事件(real life)。

學習之重點:
1. 認知神經科學,是以科學方法研究人類心智、行為,研究可以被觀察到的行為和現象。
回應:一直認為認知是抽象,但抽象的概念是可以被具體化,可從觀察的現象著手,推論個案的腦認知能力/問題。
2. 投入研究認知神經科學的領域,以心理學專業為大宗。在心理學專業中,很強調
(1) 典範(paradigm):研究者問問題和解決問題的"習慣"。the way of addressing, exploring, and answering quesions.
      例如:探討疾病/障礙的架構/模式(path model),基因à影響腦的部位à認知能力à行為,詳細例子可閱讀書籍developmental disorders of language learning and cognition。
(2) 操作型定義:一定的程序、步驟,去定義一個概念。
回應:要投入於認知神經科學,我覺得需要了解心理學和其他認知神經科學所使用的定義解釋,且了解他們對問題的解決方式、實驗設計,知道認知心理學有哪些概念,以利與他們溝通和了解他們已做的研究。
3. 認知神經科學所使用的儀器,變化更新很快,所以不需追求最近的技術,但要加強基礎科學,以了解認知領域,例如:基因、遺傳學、生化等。
    針對儀器,可分成兩類,以時間為導向,和以空間為導向(區辨腦反應位置的精確性)。儀器只是幫助回答問題,研究的重點在於"假設的提出"。
4. 實驗設計
回應:研究認知的因果關係和相關關係,必須要了解認知的實驗設計,才能較精確完整地測量認知能力。

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